SQL Injection
SQL Injection is a classic attack vector that takes advantage of poorly sanitized SQL queries. Attackers can manipulate these queries to access, modify, or delete data in a database unauthorizedly. Developers can protect against SQL injection by using parameterized queries and always validating user input.
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
XSS attacks occur when an attacker injects malicious scripts into web pages that are then executed by another user’s browser. These scripts can steal information such as cookies and session tokens. Safeguarding against XSS involves proper input validation and the use of security headers like Content Security Policy (CSP).
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
In CSRF attacks, unsuspecting users are tricked into performing actions they did not intend to, like changing their email address or password. Implementing anti-CSRF tokens and ensuring state-changing requests are only accepted through POST methods can mitigate the risk.
Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR)
IDOR occurs when an application provides direct access to objects based on user-supplied input. Attackers can exploit this to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data. The best practice to defend against IDOR is to use access controls and to always re-authenticate and authorize users.
Broken Authentication
Improperly implemented authentication mechanisms can make it easier for attackers to compromise user accounts. Multi-factor authentication (MFA) and strong password policies are essential for enhancing authentication security.
Data Exposure
Unencrypted data, weak encryption algorithms, or insecure APIs can lead to sensitive data exposure. Always encrypt sensitive data both at rest and in transit and follow best practices in key management.
Conclusion
Being aware of common web vulnerabilities is the first line of defense in creating secure web applications. The subsequent chapters in this guide will explore how to address these vulnerabilities effectively through secure coding practices, implementing HTTPS, and robust authentication and authorization systems.
